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June 11, 2012

1. Try to use mnemonic devices while you study ACLS algorithms. Mnemonic devices are extremely useful for memorizing protocols, such as those used in Advanced Cardiac Life Support courses.  These devices trigger memory, and enable quicker retrieval of information. Here are some examples of mnemonic devices you can use as you study:

• “PEA:” Problem search, epinephrine, atropine. Algorithm used for patients experiencing asystole.
• “Pacing Always Ends Danger:” Used for patients exhibiting signs of bradycardia, a low heart rate. Stands for “TCP, atropine, epinephrine, dopamine”.
• For patients showing signs of cardioversion, fast heart rate, use “Oh Say It Isn’t So.” This stands for O2 saturation monitor, suction, IV, intubation, sedation, and analgesics (if necessary).

There are also devices that are very common in ACLS coursework called the 5 T’s and 5 H’s. These stand for symptoms that should signal a medical worker to begin ACLS. The 5 H’s are: hypovolemia, hypothermia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypoxia, and hyper/hypokalemia. The five T’s are: Tension pneumothorax, tamponade cardiac, tablets (such as drug overdose or poisoning), thrombosis (coronary), and thrombosis (pulmonary embolism).

2. It is also important to remember the IV drugs that are administered in certain ACLS situations. The pharmaceuticals used for ACLS are:

• Mag Sulfate
• Vadopression
• Adenosine
• Lidocaine
• Atropine
• Procainamide
• Epi

3. Knowledge of CPR is crucial. Efficient cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential when performing ACLS.  By remembering the ABC’s of CPR, your ability to implement ACLS will significantly increase and help you save lives.

• A is for Airway. An airway must be secured to begin CPR. The patient must be checked for airway obstructions, and their head needs to be put into a neutral position where the chin is centered.
• B is for Breathing. You need to frequently check for signs of breathing by either looking, feeling, or listening. A telltale sign of adequate breathing is a rise and fall of the chest. If the patient isn’t breathing normally, CPR or rescue breathing must be initiated.
• C is for Circulation. The patient’s pulse needs to be checked by feeling the different pulse locations on the patient’s body, such as the radial or carotid artery. If the pulse is weak or nonexistent, CPR efforts need to begin immediately.

In addition to memorizing these mnemonic devices, it is important to test your knowledge with practice questions and exercises as well. In combination, these different study methods will solidify and expand your ACLS knowledge, and give you the confidence to master the final exam.

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